Network neutrality advocates scored a victory last week when FCC chairman Kevin Martin said that he would recommend barring Comcast from using peer-to-peer traffic management practices that target individual protocols for slowing or blocking.

In discussing his recommendation with reporters, Martin criticized Comcast for blocking access to content through its traffic management policies and for not being forthright in explaining to its customers precisely what its traffic management practices were. Martin also said he would recommend that the commission rule that Comcast had violated the FCC's open Internet principles and that it stop using such techniques.

ISPs' methods for managing P2P traffic have come under intense scrutiny in recent months after the Associated Press reported last year that Comcast was actively interfering with its customers' ability to upload files with P2P protocols by sending TCP RST packets to BitTorrent users informing them that their connection would have to be reset. Because the RST packets did not appear to be sent directly from the company, critics accused Comcast of deceiving its customers and actively blocking their ability to share files online. Although Comcast has said it doesn't actively block any P2P protocols and merely "delays" P2P uploads during times of heavy congestion, the company has agreed to change its P2P traffic management policies and stop targeting traffic such as that of BitTorrent.

Any FCC ruling on Comcast's traffic management practices will be based on the policy statement adopted in 2005 stating that "consumers are entitled to access the lawful Internet content of their choice" and "consumers are entitled to run applications and services of their choice, subject to the needs of law enforcement." While these principles might seem like broad mandates of network neutrality for all ISPs, the commission qualifies them at the end by writing that they are all "subject to reasonable network management." While Comcast and its critics have sparred for months over what constitutes "reasonable" network management, Martin has apparently decided for the first time to draw the line and rule Comcast's practices out of bounds.

Marvin Ammori, the general counsel for net neutrality advocates Free Press, says if the FCC affirms Martin's recommendations, it will set an important precedent in enforcing the commission's principles for an open Internet. He also thinks that an affirmative decision would definitively force Comcast to change its traffic management practices in the immediate future rather than on its own timetable.