Market leadership in most LAN switch categories can be summed up in one word - Cisco. But a closer look at the numbers reveals some new developments taking place at opposite ends of the switch spectrum.

While Cisco leads most switch categories, the company is seeing fierce competition from a host of new lower-end competitors. New vendors also are emerging in some advanced switching categories, such as Layer 4 to Layer 7 and 10G Ethernet.

Basic Ethernet equipment has become a commodity for the most part, as the market for Layer 2 gear has shrunk by more than $2 billion over the last three years, going from $10.7 billion in 2000 to about $7.4 billion in 2002, according to IDC. This trend is expected to continue through 2007. The average per-port price of $57 in 2003 is predicted to be about $20 in 2007.

For more intelligent Ethernet gear, the revenue picture is a little brighter, as the Layer 3 equipment market is expected to grow, on average, 13% between now and 2007, while Layer 4 to Layer 7 equipment sales will continue strong, with 28% growth over the same time period. High-speed Ethernet, and Gigabit and 10 Gigabit also are expected to grow at a rapid clip - 10% and 43%, respectively, over the next five years, IDC says.

The leader in worldwide LAN switch market revenue last year was Cisco - no surprise. But analysts say a look at the Ethernet port shipment numbers paints a different picture of the market.

"People always talk about Cisco being the dominant player," pointing to the firm's 70% market share in LAN switch revenue, says Rachna Ahlawat, principal analyst with Gartner. "But they've always been around 40% to 50% in terms of port shipments. The rest of the market is being captured by commodity players, and their share is increasing."

What analysts consider the low-end, or commodity, segment, of the Ethernet LAN market is where some of the fiercest battles are going on. In terms of Layer 2 fixed-configured products, Cisco accounted for about one-third of the 131 million ports shipped in 2002, according to Gartner. Hot on Cisco's heels was 3Com, with 13%, followed by small office/home office switch makers D-Link Systems and Netgear, with 11% and 9%, respectively.

"Because the equipment is becoming so standardized on the low end, it's a new kind of competitor that's gaining market share," Ahlawat says. This trend is driven by small and midsize businesses that are looking for lower prices and willing to build networks out of heterogeneous gear.